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You’ve probably heard the theory: First-born children are reliable, middle children are sociable, last-borns crave the spotlight, and ’onlies’ are lonely. These notions—some would say stereotypes— arise from decades of research and form the backbone of hundreds of self-help and parenting books. The only problem? The notion that birth order affects personality is increasingly regarded by scientists as pure nonsense. One such expert is Dr. William Trager of McGill University. He points to two recent international studies that turned up zero correlation between birth order and personality trait development. Trager says past studies that posited a link between birth order and personality were fatally flawed. One blunder, says Trager, was that researchers confounded their subjects’ birth order with their chronological age at the time of the study. For example, suppose an eldest child, 16-year-old Frank, was subjectively described by family members as reliable compared to his youngest sibling, 10-year-old Timmy. Researchers concluded that Frank’s reliability arose from the fact that he was first born. However, had the researchers come back 6 years later and repeated the questionnaire, Trager says they probably would have found that Timmy, by then 16 years old himself, would be rated as equally reliable, despite being the youngest. For Trager, continued belief in these theories is an indication of people’s desires trumping their ability to reason. Despite these findings, Kirsten Grenville, CEO of Global Publishing, says books on birth order theory have propelled a raft of popular psychologists and parenting experts to the top of the bestseller charts. For Grenville, the issue isn’t whether or not birth order theory is scientifically valid. The issue, rather, is whether or not it sells product—and sell it does! Consumers’ seemingly insatiable appetite for these books, says Grenville, stems from the fact that almost everyone has an instinctive sense that birth order theories are true, whether or not they really are. People read these descriptions of sibling relationship dynamics, and they think, ’Yeah, that is true for me.’ Maybe the descriptions are like horoscopes: general enough that almost everyone can find something to agree with. Also, even if birth order doesn’t scientifically correlate with personality trait development, there are certainly enough personal anecdotes, feelings, and hunches to suggest otherwise. So can we finally put to rest this notion that birth order matters from a scientific perspective? Dr. Trager’s response would be a qualified no. While personality may not be affected, birth order does appear to impact intelligence. Dr. Trager says studies have proven that compared to their siblings, first-borns are smarter on average by a full IQ point.
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